Clouds Socrates Unjust Speech Essay - 2141 Words

The Carnage of Just Speech William Myers Section Eschenburg Thursday 9:00am Topic B Aristophanes Pericles In Aristophanes’ play, â€Å"clouds†, there is a battle between the â€Å"old† and â€Å"new† way of going out about life. This can be seen through the â€Å"just† and â€Å"unjust† speech, whose argumentative outcomes dictate the way in which society should go about educating its citizens. The â€Å"unjust speech†, which is a heavy logical and manipulative approach to thinking about life (â€Å"new†), seems to subvert the â€Å"just speech†, which appears to rely on moral and mythical justification (â€Å"old†). Pericles, a prominent and influential Politian in Athens, has argued that democracy is the best form of government because it†¦show more content†¦The people who make the laws usually do so in a way beneficial to them â€Å"in public affairs†(West). Unjust speech has the power to diminish the collective wisdom the Athenians have built up by pointing out small contradictions and using manipulative reasoning that just speech can’t defend through logic. Just speech can only be defended through the centuries it has successfully survived and through the strong bond each citizen shares with each other (West). Therefore, Aristophanes argues through â€Å"clouds† that unjust speech has the ability to break down collective wisdoms, win arguments, create unequal powers, and ultimately dismantle democracy (West). For example, unjust speech states, â€Å"I quite deny that Justice even exists†(West 902) to which just speech replies â€Å"It does with the gods† (West 904), then unjust speech ask the question â€Å"then why didn’t Zeus perish when he bound his father?†(West 906) to which just speech replies â€Å"give me a basin: to vomit in†(West 907), basically stating if just does exist withi n the gods then it makes no sense because the gods are not just themselves. In this case unjust found a logical approach to dismiss the presences of just speech. This small contradiction discredits just speech as a whole, aids to the confusion of just speech, and gives power to unjust speech. This result causes just speechShow MoreRelatedPoli Sci Midterm1155 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ What did Socrates Stand for? 1. What are the needs of the political community? What must all political communities do to insure their survival? What about Philosophy? What does philosophy seek? How does it go about this process? Before we get into what are the needs of a political community, lets define politics. What comes to your mind when you think of politics? For the purpose of this class, politics is the identification, maintenance, and transfer of the communities’ core values that areRead MoreAristophanes’ Clouds a Satyr Play Written in 419 BCE1161 Words   |  5 PagesAristophanes’ Clouds, if read hastily, can be interpreted as a mindless satyr play written in 419 BCE. Yet the chorus warns the reader not to expect the play to have farcical ploys like â€Å"a hanging phallus stitched on† the actors to evoke a laugh, but to take note of underlying seriousness as â€Å"she [the play] comes in trusting only her words† (Clouds 538-44). Even if the play does use some low devices, the play’s message is sophisticated and can be read as a warning to Socrates. Aristophanes isRead MoreAristophanes Clouds Is A Social Commentary On The Nature Of Justice853 Words   |  4 PagesAristophanes’ Clouds is a social commentary on the nature of justice as it pertains to the philosophic life within the city- disguised as a crude theatrical comedy. The protagonist Strepsiades is overcome by debt due to his son Pheidippides’ obsession with horsemanship, and Strepsiades seeks the help of local philosopher Socrates in order to learn the art of deceptive speaking so that he may trick his creditors and not â€Å"give anyone back even an obol of those debts† (120). Although the play is filledRead MoreSocrates’ Speech in Apology975 Words   |  4 PagesAristophanes’ Clouds, if read hastily, can be interpreted as a mindless satyr play written in 419 BCE. Yet the chorus warns the reader not to expect the play to have farcical ploys like â€Å"a hanging phallus stitched on† the actors to evoke a laugh, but has underlying seriousness as â€Å"she [the play] comes in trusting only her words† (Clouds 538-44). Even if the play does use some low devices, the play’s message is sophisticated and can be read as a warning to Socrates. Aristophanes is a â€Å"friendlyRead MoreSocrates : The Worst Of Villains938 Words   |  4 PagesSocrates: The Worst of Villains The Athenian way of life is based on Homeric values. Up to this point in Greek history all of Greek culture has culminated in the form of democratic government. The culmination of Greek history reaches its peak during this time: from the values outlined by Homer in the Iliad and Odyssey to the life of Socrates during which the epitome of Greek culture has been met in the form of a democratic government. But Socrates undermines Greek culture and is therefore put toRead MoreAristophanes Charge And Socrates 1876 Words   |  8 PagesAristophanes’ Charge and Socrates’ apologia Aristophanes’ Clouds , a satirical comedy, presents the conflict between politics and philosophy, considering philosophy as a destructive influence upon the life of the polis and harmful to the civic virtue which is significant in maintaining the stability in political order. In the play, Aristophanes depicted Socrates as an investigator of the thing aloft, as a teacher of how to make the weaker speech the stronger, and as a disbeliever in Zeus and theRead More Justice for All Ages Essay example4920 Words   |  20 Pageswhich to proceed. Following in the footsteps of Plato and Socrates, it seems fitting to do utilize the dialogue format. The dialogue format consists of a conversation in which a discussion ensues, questions are asked, hypotheses are formed and challenged, and hopefully, in the end there is some clearer understanding of the issue at hand. This dialogue takes place on the Isle of the Blessed where the now-immortals Achilles, Socrates, Aristophanes and Euripides live. Lasthenia3, a philosopherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book His Work Memorabilia 1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbook of his work Memorabilia, Xenophon begins by implicitly claiming that he will provide an evaluative account of the persuasiveness of the charges laid against Socrates. Hence, to the extent that the Memorabilia claims to offer a defensive approach towards Socrates, this work bears a line of continuity with Xenophon’s Apology of Socrates to the Jury. The Memorabilia, however, offers a break with the Apology in terms of the method it employs in delivering the Socratic exoneration; it is not a workRead MoreThe French Revolution Essay examples1018 Words   |  5 Pageseverything about their societies from religion to governments. Of course you easily compare this to the time in Ancient Greece where Socrates also criticized everything there was about the society in which he lived in. Moreover, one can compare Socrates thinkery to the salons much visited by Voltaire and Rousseau during the Enlightenment. Socrates in Plato’s Apology criticized his fellow citizens and believed that one should always question everything or else that one personRead MoreSocrates As A Martyr And Socrates927 Words   |  4 PagesIn philosophy class this semester we spoke a lot about Socrates and his trial. We were required to read the dialogue ‘Apology’ by Plato. The ‘Apology’ Dialogue is what Plato recorded during the speech Socrates gave to the court defending himself against the charges of corrupting the young, and by not believing in the gods in whom the city believes† these two were the main charges, but underneath that there were also other significant charges such as being considered an antidemocratic or pro-Spartan

Management Case Study - Final - 919 Words

Mgmt 362 Final Case Study Fact Finding #1 Beginning with the first meeting that was attending by Fester, he was rude to everyone while giving his opinion on the† high level of mediocrity† when it came to team ideas. Incivility refers to rudeness, lack of regard for one another, and the violation of workplace norms for mutual respect (Hellriegel amp; Slocum pg. 225) Recommendations #1 Because Dr. Jerrold did not confer with Knowlton when he decided to add Fester to the team, Knowlton suffered from role conflict and ambiguity because of the expectations Jerrold wanted. Knowlton to take the responsibility for the behavior of Fester’s, but not having the opportunity to participate in the decision to bring Fester to the team†¦show more content†¦Jerrold should have had some type of dialogue with Knowlton letting him know that he was considering Fester for another project. This would have demonstrated effective communication that would have allowed for constructive feedback. Fact Finding #3 Relationship behavior includes two-way communication, listening, encouraging, involving followers in decision making, and giving emotional support (Hellriegel amp; Slocum pg. 304). Dr. Jerrold, as a leader, did not provide this for his project heads or his subordinates. Recommendations #3 Knowlton had the perception that Dr. Jerrold had no consideration for anyone, but Fester. Because of this perception, it led Knowlton to resign. While there was no verbal communication, Knowlton notified Jerrold through a letter. This letter was distorting the real reason Knowlton left. Knowlton felt that he had to continuously lie to Jerrold so that he would not figure out the true meaning of his resignation. Once Jerrold received the letter, he should have been able to read through the noise. He should have known that Knowlton was an exceptional employee and that something more serious was going on. Jerrold should have changed his language routine in order to identify that Knowlton was disturbed with Fester. Jerrold should have called Knowlton in for a meeting and reassured him that what he was thinking, feeling, and believedShow MoreRelatedTime Management Case Study Final954 Words   |  4 PagesTIME MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY FINAL (Q1)There is never enough time in the day. There are so many things to be done. We all live extremely busy lives with kids sports practice, time to exercise, fix dinner, and work all day long†¦..our days are so packed most of the time it is difficult to get anything extra done or worked in. In order to be organized and effective, we must practice and plan time management. With time management, we are able to use it as a skill or process of planning in orderRead MoreCase Study : Management Final Project3357 Words   |  14 PagesManagement Final Project For my research project, I am selecting a company that I am very familiar with. I work for Ericsson, more specifically I work for the Managed services branch of Ericsson. The company as a whole has a very complicated hybrid organizational structure that on the surface can look very bureaucratic in nature. The truth is that it can sometimes be that way, but for the most part the structure serves the company well. The first layer, as in almost any multi-national company isRead MoreCase Study : Retail Management Final Assignment1403 Words   |  6 Pages Retail Management Final Assignment MKT 466 Dr. Doss Omar AL-Rizaiqi For my evaluation final assignment given by our Retail Management class, I decided to tackle the Target Store located at â€Å"10101 W Flagler St Miami, FL 33172 United States† as it is near my house. In order for me to successfully tackle this assignment I will need to visit the store and really open my eyes to what the store offers and how each layout, design and visual work together. I would need to evaluate it as theRead MoreAcc 281 Week 5 Final Paper1036 Words   |  5 PagesACC 281 WEEK 5 FINAL PAPER To purchase this visit here: http://www.nerdypupil.com/product/acc-281-week-5-final-paper/ Contact us at: nerdypupil@gmail.com ACC 281 WEEK 5 FINAL PAPER Focus of the Final Paper Write an 8 to 10 page Case Analysis of the following article (which can be found in the Ashford Online ProQuest database): Souza, M. McCarty, B. (2007). From bottom to top: How one provider retooled its collections [electronic version]. Healthcare Financial Management, 61(9), 67-73. Read More460 Syllabus KWONG Winter 11 121220855 Words   |  4 PagesMGMT 460: CASE STUDIES IN OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Winter 2011, SHC C368 Instructor: Kern Kwong, Ph.D. Office: Simpson Tower 805 College of Business and Economics California State University, Los Angeles Office Hours: Tuesday: 2:00-6:00 p.m. Email: kkwong2@calstatela.edu Website: http://instructional1.calstatela.edu/kkwong2/Mgmt460 Office Telephone: 323-343-2899 [Use email if you need a reply quickly.] Course Description Management 460 is a case studies course in the management of manufacturingRead MoreBus 644 Complete Week 6 / Final Paper and Dqs1393 Words   |  6 PagesBUS 644 Complete Week 6 / Final Paper and DQs Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/BUS%20644/bus-644-complete-week-6-final-paper-and-dqs Description BUS 644 Week 6 Final Paper Focus of the Final Paper Read the â€Å"Space Age Furniture Company† case study in Chapter 9 of your text. Answer the following questions: and include any MRP calculations. 1. What options are open to Coral to address this problem? 2. How would reducing the minimum quantity of subassembliesRead MorePsy 100 Week 8 Assignment 2 – Adjustment Case Study – New Updated Work1210 Words   |  5 PagesPSY 100 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 – ADJUSTMENT CASE STUDY – NEW UPDATED WORK To purchase this Click here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/psy-100-week-8-assignment-2-adjustment-case-study-new-updated-work/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM PSY 100 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 - ADJUSTMENT CASE STUDY - NEW UPDATED WORK Write a three to six (3-6) page paper in which you: 1. Summarize the two (2) articles you selected from the NPR Website. 2. Describe the major adjustment issues discussed inRead MoreVoluntary Protection Plan Essay914 Words   |  4 Pages These VPP processes make companies go above and beyond the mere compliance of the standards of OSHA and provide the best practicable protection on site and encourage on going improvement. Companies that show outstanding efforts of laborers and management who have achieved model occupational safety and health are approved into VPP (OSHA, 2017). There are a set of specifications that a company’s site must meet in order to become considered as a VPP Company. Company’s site must apply and be assessedRead MoreThe Course Project Management Under Professor Thomas A1641 Words   |  7 Pages1. INTRODUCTION The course Project Management under Professor Thomas A. Brodowski is one of the most constructive courses I have taken so far. The learnings of this course is very broad and will play a major role when I work in teams at work as it taught me several important things like interacting with the group and working as a team to finish the project. The even distribution between the meeting of group onsite and offsite was one the most important trait of the course as it prepared us how toRead MoreSyllabus Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesAdministration - Oakland University Winter 2015 Time: 3:30-5:17 PM ï‚ ·MW Instructor: Tianxu Chen, Ph.D. Office: Elliot Hall Room 300 Office Hours: By appointment. E-Mail: tchen234@oakland.edu I. Course Description This capstone course in Strategic Management aims to equip you with the knowledge and analytical tools essential to comprehend and analyze how firms formulate and implement strategies. In doing so, you will learn how leaders of successful organizations make decisions and strategically maneuver

Personality Plus free essay sample

The style approach focuses on the leader’s task behavior of facilitating organizational goal achievement, group achievement with others, themselves, and the situation. Lastly, psychodynamic leadership’s purpose is to increase the awareness of the type of personality and the personality connection with work and relationships. Findings from the Leadership Assessments This summary presents snapshot findings from four leadership assessments, traits, skills, style, and psychodynamic completed by me. My scores for the four leadership assessments include a self-rating score of 5 in the Leadership Traits Assessment (Table 1 and 2). My self-rating scores for the skills’ assessment are a 28 in technical skills, a 24 in human skills, and a conceptual skills’ score of 29 (Table 3). My self-rating scores for the style’s approach are task 44 and relationship 42 (Table 4). Finally, my score for the psychodynamic assessment is ISFP (Introvert, Sensor, Feeler, and Perceiver) (Table 5. ). My strongest attributes in my self-rating leadership questionnaire for 13 attributes have a rating of 5 except for the attribute â€Å"self-assured. † It has a rating of 4. The 13 attributes have developed within me consistently and spiritually through my life in the workplace, education, and social. For example, having knowledge of who I am spiritually facilitates comprehension of the leadership traits that are necessary for leadership (Northouse, 2013). The two strongest attributes and scores in the skills’ inventory are technical a 28 and conceptual skills a 29. The two are within proximity to each other and are both very strong attributes. The style questionnaire attribute task is the higher of the two by two points which indicates that my actions are central for others and the task (Northouse, 2013). My strongest psychodynamic attributes according to this assessment are â€Å"introvert† and â€Å"sensor. † The results in the psychodynamic assessment reflect strength in â€Å"introvert† and â€Å"sensor† attributes. Through this approach, I have become more aware of two areas â€Å"introvert† and â€Å"sensor† where I know my personality is strong. However, completing similar assessments under different situations and circumstances have yield different results of ISTP (Introvert, Sensor, Thinker, and Perceiver). The first assessment is the Leadership Traits Questionnaire which utilizes an assessment questionnaire to measure personality traits emphasizing individual strengths and pointing our weaknesses (Northouse, 2013). The questionnaire, only, was completed by five coworkers and me applying a rating scale from 1 to 5 with 5 being the highest to 14 statements. The scores of each assessment were compiled in appropriate columns for each rater. An average was taken for each of the 14 items and placed in the â€Å"Average or Range of Rating by 3-5 others† column. Table 1 is compiled of three columns â€Å"Self-rating,† â€Å"Average or Range of Rating by 3-5 others,† and â€Å"Rating of Leader† (Northouse, 2013). The â€Å"chosen leader† to analyze is Disciple Hernandez, chief executive administrator at Riverdale Middle School. I found my self-rating score (5) compared to the average score of (5) to be the same in the following categories: articulate, perceptive, diligent, and sensitive, and the same score of (4) in self-assured compare to the average score of. It appears from this profile that I am stronger in conceptual skills, technical skills, and human skills third. This is an indication that I can improve in human skills and research this category to determine what components of human skills need further improvement. We naturally presume that we function naturally in human relations with others, but realizing that certain human relations skills are needed for different situations. For example, a different set of human relations skills are required for leaders working with individuals on problem solving assignments. Table 2 Skills Inventory Total Scores of Self and Selected Leader Technical SkillsHuman SkillsConceptual Skills Self-rating282429 Rating of leader292023 Note. adapted from Nordhouse (2010) p. 64. Area of strength is highlighted in yellow. Style scores focuses on â€Å"who the leaders are† rather than what they do which is the approach taken by traits and skills. It measures two types of leadership behavior: â€Å"task† and â€Å"relationship† (Northouse, 2013). If â€Å"relationship† is higher than â€Å"task,† it means that you are people oriented, and if the â€Å"task† skill is higher than â€Å"relationship,† it suggests that your leadership is task oriented as it relates to the people (Northouse, 2013). Table 3 Style Questionnaire Summary Scores of Self and Selected Leader and Interpretation Task Scoring InterpretationRelationship Scoring Interpretation Self Rating44High Range42High Range Rating of Leader46Very High Range42High Range The psychodynamic approach is comprised of four paired sentences in groups of twos. The sentence preferences are Extrovert, Introvert, Sensor, Intuitor, Thinker, Feeler, Judger, and Perceiver. The pairs are Extrovert and Introvert, Thinker and Feeler, Sensor and Intuitor, and Judger and Perceiver. The responses are scored based on a scale of 1 – 6. The paired sentences must total 7. If one scores a 5 on one of the questions, the other question must total 2 (5 + 2 = 7). Sentences rating of 4 and 3 indicate that no strong preference is presence and the type could be either of the pair. Table 4 Psychodynamic Approach Scoring Interpretation Self AssessmentISFP Assessment of LeaderESFJ A comparison of attributes of Self and Selected Leader reflects that the Selected leader’s strongest attribute is technical, a skill that is observed at lower management rather than at upper management (Northouse, 2013). Self’s attribute in comparison to Selected Leader is conceptual a skill that is typically observed at upper management level (Northouse, 2013). This determination indicates that Selected Leader’s position is paramount to a school’s success. Table 5 Comparison of Strong Attributes of Self and Selected Leader TraitSkillStylePsychodynamic Approach Self AssessmentSee Table 5. 1ConceptualTaskISFP Assessment of LeaderSee Table 5. 1TechnicalTaskESFJ Self-Assessment and Chosen Leader Assessment scores are the same except for attributes â€Å"Self-confident, Self-assured, and Determined. † Table 5. 1 Leadership Traits Questionnaire Ratings Leadership Traits Scoring Ratings Self – AssessmentAssessment of Chosen Leader Articulate55 Perceptive55 Self-confident54 Self-assured45 Persistent55 Determined54 Trustworthy55 Dependable55 Friendly55 Outgoing55 Conscientious55 Diligent55 Sensitive55 Empathic55 Strongest Attributes of Self and Chosen Leader: Two Examples The attributes of strength provide a standard by where leaders should look if they desire to become leaders (Northouse, 2013). The performance indicator for a Chief Executive Administrator is the academic performance of the students. Two sections will be illustrated for all strengths for Self leader and Chosen Leader. Effective Leader’s Strongest Attributes in Action An example that demonstrates all my attributes of strengths in leadership is illustrated in the vignettes below. The traits, skills, style and psychodynamic approaches are demonstrated in several vignettes. The traits in this questionnaire have been the thread that have interlaced and developed a deeper understanding of who I am, how I will affect change in others and in organizations (Northouse, 2013). These 14 attributes are demonstrated in my role as a faculty interacting with day-to-day tasks of best practices as a school leader in the classroom, professional development workshops, and in stakeholders meetings (parents, staff, and community leaders). Additionally, having an understanding of how these attributes have developed within me has significantly enhanced collaboration and development of relationships, socially, among other teachers. An example of technical and conceptual skills in the skills approach is demonstrated through the following events. I worked alongside the technology support team to establish the new Gradebookwizard application for teachers to input grades into its system and generate reports. Teachers and administrative staff were trained. Prior experience in working alongside a technology team and assisting in the set up an accounting system for institution of higher education provided me with the technical skills and problem solving skills to lead this group. The trait attributes were greatly developed from prior experience resulting in enhanced capacity for the Gradebookwizard task and others. Conceptual skills were applied in the establishment of a student leadership council and the writing of a grant entitled Citizens Exercising the Right to Vote (CERV) for which the school was awarded $2500. Conceptual skills demonstrated were creativity, innovative, performance of human procedures, perception, and cognitive thinking. The assignment of the graduating 8th grade faculty for 9 years has enhanced my capacity for leadership, earning the respect of peers, being a lifelong learner, open-minded and friendly, influencing social change and educational practices. The assignment is an annual year-end event that involves coordinating multiple tasks, departments, students, and people (internal and external) that result in a successful year-end close. In a work team as a middle school teacher and chair person of several committees, there are not subordinates, but this assessment and others similar have confirmed that â€Å"introvert† and â€Å"sensor† are strong attributes of my psychological type for this situation (Northouse, 2013). Effective Chosen Leader’s Strongest Attributes in Action An example of my chosen effective leader’s strongest attributes (traits, skill, style, and psychodynamic approaches) are traits, technical, conceptual, task and relationship, and ESFJ. The Chosen Leader’s attributes of strength involves his daily performance of encouraging students in their academic achievement, expedite, articulate, and communicate the vision and mission of the school to external stakeholders for the betterment of the student. Additionally, the Chosen Leader advocates success for students to executive management ensuring that students operate a successfully, efficiently, and in a safe environment (Costellow, 2011). The chosen leader consistently goes further than what his job description requires to effectively impact the academic success of students. His knowledge and leadership skills affect all aspect of students’ learning and stakeholders (parents, students, faculty, staff, community leaders, superintendents, and founder and senior staff members). He demonstrates strong trait attributes when he coordinates and leads weekly professional development meetings, finds way to encourage staff, interacts with parents in problem-solving, counseling, daily prayer, praise and worship, and collaborates with the school, community leaders, and the greater organization (founder and senior staff members) (Principal Development, 2008). The chosen leader is an effective leader who flourishes in technical, human, and conceptual skills. There is no problem too difficult for my Chosen Leader to solve. He is either hands-on in the process or providing instructions for the problem to be solved. One of the strong attributes that was transparent when he arrived in his new position was his care and concern for humans as well as organizational tasks (Northouse, 2013). He creates an atmosphere of collaboration, social, rigor, friendly, and empathic (Northouse, 2013). Above all, he assures literacy and current knowledge of 21st century technology, a safe environment, compliance with the mission and vision of the greater organization/ministry, and state and common core standards (Northouse, 2013) (Principal development, 2008). Leadership Theory and Research Among the different centuries of studies of leadership traits and characteristics a â€Å"major leadership traits,† an â€Å"extended list,† can be developed by leaders. The â€Å"extended list† includes â€Å"intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability† (Northouse, 2013). Researchers from other studies identified similar traits that are associated with leadership (Northouse, 2013). I identify with the traits theory attributes because these are the traits that I have grown up with, and have developed from my environment, culture, social culture, and experience. A criticism is that these traits are not necessarily practical for training and developing leaders, but the focus for my earlier training was that they were excellent tools to possess. There is no classic or defined list, according to Northouse (2013), I agree with him that the traits approach can be used as a â€Å"personal awareness† tool. On the contrary, the skills approach can be â€Å"learned or developed,† consistent with a leadership curriculum education program, is obtainable by everyone, an interesting feature. The leadership theories and the material on cultural competency have personally been beneficial in helping me identify, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate knowledge about significant components of a particular culture. Culture and beliefs influence behaviors and the style approach extended research of leadership to include the actions and behaviors of leaders (Northouse, 2013). This helps me to focus on my behavior and action as a leader in all contexts and effectively build culture competency to move from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism in circumstances with which I may be confronted (Bennett, 1986). It also helps me to garner and acquire an appreciation for cultural diversity. Conclusion: Personal Implications of Comparing Leadership Capacities It can be noted from Table 5 and 5. 1 the comparison of Self and Chosen Leader. Self scores are very similar to Chosen Leader’s scores in the trait approach which could mean that the Chosen Leader has elevated the profession in his preparation of training and developing his teachers’ leadership skills and styles to the extent that they match. The results of the Chosen Leader and Self style ratings reveal an exact match which could mean that they both have the same style of leadership, task oriented. Also noted in comparing Self to Chosen Leader that their psychodynamic types are different as it relates to â€Å"introvert and Extrovert† and â€Å"Perceiver and Judger. † Recommendations that I might make to myself would be continue to seek mentoring and training from Chosen Leader’s professional development workshops, continue pursuing building leadership education through leadership programs, and seek more assignments to lead in lead teacher roles. Research supports leaders developing teachers. A few are listed for these ideas. â€Å"Providing Support for Teacher Leaders,† â€Å"Principals and Teachers’ Perceptions of Critical Leadership Skills,† and â€Å"Building Teacher Leadership Capacity through Educational Leadership Programs.

Universal Healthcare in The United States

Is Universal Healthcare right for America? Even with the introduction of Medicare program in the United States, the debate for and against universal and comprehensive healthcare still rages on in the country. Against the backdrop of the many discussions in the globe, the right to access medical care regardless of one’s socio-economic status in the society became one of the most important issues. Many governments are charged with the facilitation of access to all citizens.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Universal Healthcare in The United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, for a long time, many healthcare systems have been run on a capitalistic arrangement where an individual in need pays for the services provided according to market rates. This system has, however, been accused of locking out millions of households from middle and low income earning categories, who are not able to afford prop er medical care for some medical procedures. For governments, a healthy nation directly relates to a healthy economy where there is enough human resources and reduced expenditure on health infrastructure. In many cases, the rich have been able to access modern healthcare facilities while poor families continue to lose their loved ones because of affordability and accessibility issues. As a result, the reactions for many governments have resorted to the formulation of policies and guidelines to facilitate fast, affordable and easy access for all (Pozgar, 2012). A universal healthcare framework is one such model that has been adopted globally. However, for effective implementation, there have been challenges for healthcare organisations, professionals, administrators and for patients. This paper looks at the impacts of universal healthcare on the different stakeholders in the sector and provides recommendations for future improvement. Universal Healthcare Universal healthcare basicall y refers to the facilitation of basic healthcare services to residents of a particular region or country. Generally, this arrangement involves the provision of healthcare insurance and payment of healthcare costs by the government and other private institutions within an arrangement where the patients do not have to pay directly from their pockets. Within a national establishment, universal healthcare may therefore involve the taxation of all citizens, combined with health insurance coverage that eventually caters for the costs of medical care when required. The government is also charged with the facilitation of universal care through policy formulation, regulation and providing mandate to all care providers.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In some forms of arrangement, popularly referred to as ‘single payer health insurance’, the government is only involved in fi nancing of healthcare, while healthcare institutions are charged with service delivery. Under the Affordable Care Act of 2010, the United States’ government has adopted the concept of universal healthcare that came into force in 2014 (Murray Frenk, 2010). It is notable that by the time of adoption, the US was the only developed nation that did not have this kind of arrangement for its citizens. However, the program did not come into the societal limelight recently as the legislation process may suggest. Calls for universal health coverage began in the early 1900’s, but legislation and adoption has seemingly dragged on, because the adoption of universal healthcare has its own challenges across the board that has led to intense debates. Effective implementation of universal healthcare has numerous impacts on health professionals and organisations as outlined in the following section. Impacts on Healthcare Professionals and Healthcare Organisations The impact of universa l healthcare on professionals and organisations in the sector are numerous. However, major impacts will be felt in the areas of financing, facility capacity building, personnel workload and regulatory requirements. First, funding is important for the success of any healthcare institution, be it for profit or not for profit. Within the universal healthcare framework, there might be cash flow problems for hospitals that have to provide care and seek compensation from the insurance companies or the government depending on the arrangement. In most cases, the process of cost reimbursement may take some time. Without proper management of finances within healthcare institutions, therefore, there might be many risks attached to insufficient supplies and late payment of health workers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Universal Healthcare in The United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Secondly, capacity development plans for many healthcare organisations will remain highly effected. Universal healthcare improves access for the previously ‘locked out’ populations. As a result, there is a likelihood of increased numbers for the out and in-patient hospital sections. To be able to take care of this boom, hospitals will have to increase their capacity without compromising on the quality of care. This may present a bigger challenge if financial management in the hospitals is not effectively enhanced. However, there are also opportunities for hospitals if the numbers are going to translate into improved financial performance hence increased expansion. The healthcare professionals like nurses may also expect improved pay structures. On the other hand, increased number of patients is likely to result in issues of personnel workload. When the already overburdened healthcare professionals receive large number of patients in the wards and clinics, there is a need for increased personnel. Jus t like in the expansion of space and facilities, this is another area that is likely to negatively impact healthcare professionals and organisations if not effectively planned. Lastly, regulatory requirements of the new healthcare act have new professions for access to quality care that may require change within healthcare organisations. The healthcare professionals will also need to acquaint themselves with the new requirements. For instance, every organisation must understand the procedures for claims and reimbursements for the different medical insurance plans. Impacts on Patients and Families Even though universal healthcare holds a big promise to patients and their families, the impact on the new system for this category must be noted. Generally, issues of access, quality, taxation and technical knowledge are most critical for this group of stakeholders. On a positive note, the impact of universal healthcare on access can be tremendous provided organisations effectively align t o the required changes. Patients from all forms of social and economic backgrounds will be provided with easy access to modern care facilities that they could not previously afford. This is a good step in the right direction for the US, since all citizens and particularly from the poor families will be assured of their right to live a healthy life. For many families who have had to spend the little money they have on seeking treatment for chronic illnesses like heart disease, diabetes and cancer, this provides a lifeline for economic and social empowerment.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, increased access raises an issue of quality of care within the participating healthcare organisations. In the event that poor management in such organisation results in overstretched capacity, the quality of care might be compromised at the expense of patients and their families. Any slight negative impact on quality of care may be against the main aim of universal healthcare in the country that many families have yearned for. Another issue raised by the opponents of this program is that of taxation. The impact of facilitating this program on national economy may be damaging if not properly managed. Generally, when the government chooses to increase taxation to help in the funding of this program, families already living in tough economic times may be adversely affected. Lastly, the issue of technical knowledge required for decision making is very important for the patients and the families. Many poor families may not have the literacy levels required to select the suitable medical plans for their households. Given that private and profit making institutions are involved in the program, the impact on choice of medical cover may be negative if proper guidance is not provided for families. However, the mentioned impacts may not necessarily mean that universal healthcare may not be viable for the United States. There are numerous case examples that may be used to indicate the benefits of this program and how the many challenges associated to it may be overcome. Critical Analysis As stated earlier, many governments have strived to provide universal healthcare access to their citizens globally. The Netherlands, Germany and Singapore are examples of developed nations that have successful universal healthcare programs for their citizens (Hooe, Considine Sethi, 2013). The Asian nation can however be a better case for highlighting the importance of universal care programs. With a fast growing population, the economic powerhouse in the Asian continent still re corded higher rates of infant mortality and other deaths associated with venerable diseases like malaria. The rural populace in the country, mostly low-income earners, were the most affected. However, the adoption of a single pay health insurance system for its population, the country has made enormous gains in the healthcare sector that may be a model for many countries. As a result of the comprehensive medical care implemented by the government in collaboration with healthcare organisations and professionals, the life expectancy rates in the country have significantly improved similarly to the declining infant mortality rates. From this case, it is easy to connect the healthy population with the country’s booming economy. Significance to the Practice of Healthcare Administration Universal healthcare can only be achieved with proper management as already pointed out in the discussions. The implementation of universal healthcare programs provides challenges as well as opportu nities for healthcare administrators. Universal healthcare has great implications for healthcare administration practice. First, there is need for effective change management that should begin from administrative levels (Shi Singh, 2012). For all departments and personnel to effectively implement universal care and take advantages of growth opportunities presented by it, administrators must be ready to initiate change. Secondly, risk management is an essential part of health organisations’ success in the new universal care system. For administrators, the challenge for effective risk management is of great significance to performance, because the financial inflexibility that may be brought within the transitional period has far reaching implications for growth. Third, quality assurance has been identified as another area of challenge for the universal healthcare program implementation. Administrators are also required to effectively co-ordinate departments and cross functiona l activities to ensure that success for all mentioned areas is attained. The benefits of universal healthcare present huge opportunities for administrators in the sector. Most importantly, administrators are presented with the opportunity to attain the goal of providing healthcare to all individuals regardless of their cultural, social or economic backgrounds. In addition, administrators also have an opportunity to collaborate with their counterparts in other organisations to ensure that they comply with the requirements of the new system. Recommendations Having examined the benefits of universal healthcare, it is easy to conclude that the US needs the system. Given the success story noted from the selected case, the challenges identified may be eliminated in many ways. First, there is need for training of all administrators and personnel on the legal, economic and social implications of the newly implemented system. Training will also help professionals provide guidance and advice to the illiterate individuals who may not be able to choose suitable healthcare plans for their families. Secondly, the government and other sector stakeholders should engage in frequent policy restructuring to ensure smooth implementation, because universal healthcare relies on particular regional and institutional factors like geographical and demographic dynamics (Savedoff, de Ferranti, Smith Fan, 2012). The mode and nature of care for different individuals should also be clearly defined to avoid cases of congestion in hospitals. Next, it is important that healthcare organisations plan for financial risk protection through access to other sources of financing while reimbursements are forthcoming. In this way, operations are likely to run without hitches pegged on capacity and resource availability. Lastly, community sensitisation programs should continue to be carried out to ensure that all citizens are aware of their rights of access and the available avenues for doing so. Refe rences Hooe, B. S., Considine, P. T., Sethi, M. K. (2013). National healthcare systems: A worldview. New York: Springer. Murray, C. J., Frenk, J. (2010). Ranking 37th—measuring the performance of the US health care system. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(2), 98-99. Pozgar, G. (2012). Legal aspects of health care administration. Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Savedoff, W. D., de Ferranti, D., Smith, A. L., Fan, V. (2012). Political and economic aspects of the transition to universal health coverage. The Lancet, 380(9845), 924-932. Shi, L., Singh, D. A. (2012). Essentials of the US health care system. Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Publishers. This essay on Universal Healthcare in The United States was written and submitted by user Malice to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.